A Brazilian study published in Nutrients suggests that fish oil may help combat insulin resistance and improve glucose tolerance by reducing inflammation. The research conducted on non-obese rats with type 2 diabetes-like symptoms found that omega-3 supplementation shifted defense cells from a pro-inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory state, improving insulin sensitivity.
The study, funded by FAPESP, involved administering 2 grams of fish oil per kilogram of body weight three times per week for eight weeks. This fish oil contained 540 mg/g of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 100 mg/g of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The results showed reduced insulin resistance, improved blood sugar levels, lower inflammatory markers, total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides.
Researchers highlighted that omega-3s may influence immune cells such as lymphocytes and macrophages, reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This shift in immune response appears similar to the effects seen in obese individuals taking omega-3 supplements. While promising, human trials are needed to determine optimal dosing and efficacy.
How to Choose the Best Omega-3
When selecting an omega-3 supplement, consider these factors:
- EPA & DHA Content: Choose fish oil with high EPA and DHA concentrations.
- Purity & Quality: Look for third-party testing for contaminants like mercury.
- Source: Opt for wild-caught fish sources over farmed fish.
- Form: Triglyceride-based omega-3s are more absorbable than ethyl esters.
- Sustainability: Choose brands certified by organizations like the MSC (Marine Stewardship Council).
