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Feeling down? Maybe it’s time to get your hands a little dirty—literally. Science is uncovering something gardeners have known for ages: digging in the soil can lift your spirits. And one of the secret ingredients behind this “dirt therapy” is a naturally occurring soil bacterium called Mycobacterium vaccae.

This humble microbe, found in healthy soil, has been shown to boost serotonin levels in the brain. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that helps regulate mood, appetite, and sleep. Many antidepressant medications work by increasing serotonin, and fascinatingly, M. vaccae seems to do something very similar—without a prescription. When we touch soil, breathe in the microbes, or even get a tiny bit of it into our systems through minor cuts or inhalation, we invite these natural helpers to do their work. The result? A noticeable bump in mood and a calming effect on the nervous system.

Researchers have explored this connection in both mice and humans. Mice exposed to M. vaccae showed decreased anxiety and improved cognitive function. Gardeners and outdoor lovers often report feeling calmer, more focused, and just… happier after time spent in the dirt.

The best part? You don’t need a green thumb or a big yard to benefit. Container gardening, planting herbs on a balcony, or even volunteering at a community garden can give you that healthy soil exposure. For those already passionate about sustainable soil and gardening (like those following Gardening Know How, Sustainable Soils, or the Scientific Plant Service), this science gives new meaning to your daily routines.

The next time you’re feeling stressed or low, put down your phone and start digging!